vereor Latin · revision 5670

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *wer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛ.re.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.re.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vereor''' (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wer-ē-|t=to be wary]], [[inh|ine-pro|*u(e)r-eh₁-|t=to note, sense]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|ὁράω|tr=horáō|t=to see]], [[got|𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃|tr=wars|t=cautious]] and [[ang|wær|t=careful]], the source of [[en|wary]] and [[en|aware]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus swears by Juno, whom he should most revere and fear.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to show respect or reverence, to stand in awe of, as Cicero's “to respect and love someone”, and to regard as a danger, to fear, as Caesar's enemy who said he did not fear them.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was to view a possible event with apprehension, and with an infinitive to scruple to do something; with ''nē'' it introduced a fear, often politely, ''vereor nē'' “I am afraid that”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''verērī'' is fear founded on respect for the venerable, unlike ''metuere'' and ''timēre''.^(Döderlein 1874) [[revereor]] gave [[en|revere]] in the 1660s and ''reverendus'' gave [[en|reverend]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of revering and fearing Juno.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of respecting and loving someone.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''reverend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|revere]], respect, stand in awe of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|fear]], be afraid of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dread, apprehend (an event).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To scruple, hesitate (to do).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''vereor nē'', I am afraid that.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[revereor]]

+ * [[subvereor]]

+ * [[verēcundus]]

+ * [[verenter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verēcundē]]

+ * [[verēcundia]]

+ * [[verēcunditer]]

+ * [[verēcundor]]

+ * [[timeō]]

+ * [[metuō]]

+ * [[en|revere]]

+ * [[en|wary]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''verērī'' and ''reverērī'' (to feel reverence) from ''venerārī'' (to show it), and ''verērī'' (awe) from ''metuere'' and ''timēre'' (fear of harm).^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}