haruspex Latin · revision 5662

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰerH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [haˈrʊs.pɛks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈrus.peks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''haruspex''' ''m'' (genitive haruspicis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of *haru- “entrails” and a second part “observer”, from [[speciō]] “to look”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The first part is a u-stem of [[ine-pro|*ǵʰrH-|t=intestines]], cognate with [[sa|हिरा|tr=hirā́-|t=vein]], [[lt|žarna|t=intestine]], [[non|gǫrn|t=guts]] and [[grc|χορδή|tr=khordḗ|t=gut, string]], and Latin [[hīra]] “gut” is related.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) A Faliscan inscription has the same word.^(de Vaan 2008) Some think it was borrowed from Etruscan, which might explain the variant [[m|la|harispex]], but the form with /u/ is older.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, Köbler from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a diviner of a kind that came from Etruria, who, according to Cicero, interpreted the entrails of sacrificial victims, prodigies and lightning.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The senate consulted haruspices summoned from Etruria, as Cicero and Sallust report, and the word was also used loosely of any soothsayer.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Christian writers condemned them, as Boniface lists those who trust haruspices among the superstitious.^(DMLBS) [[en|haruspex]] was borrowed in the 1580s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero describes the art of the haruspices.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 742 AD – Boniface condemns trust in haruspices.^(DMLBS)

+ * 1580s – English ''haruspex'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|diviner]] who inspected the entrails of victims; a [[m|en|soothsayer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[haruspica]]

+ * [[haruspicālis]]

+ * [[haruspicīnus]]

+ * [[haruspicium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aruīna]]

+ * [[speciō]]

+ * [[augur]]

+ * [[hīra]]

+ * [[en|haruspex]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}