sero Latin · revision 5652

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *seh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɛː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''serō''' (present infinitive serere, perfect active sēvī, supine satum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*sise/o-|t=to sow]], [[inh|ine-pro|*si-sh₁-e/o-]], a reduplicated present of the root *seh₁- “to sow”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The reduplicated *sis- became *sir- and then /ser-/, with /i/ lowered before /r/, while the perfect [[m|la|sēvī]] and the participle [[m|la|satum]] continue the plain root.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|sėti|t=to sow]], [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽|tr=saian|t=to sow]] and [[ang|sāwan|t=to sow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The noun [[sēmen]] “seed” is from the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Caecilius has a farmer who plants trees that will profit another generation.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC and Caecilius 230/220–168 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to plant seeds or seedlings in the ground, and also to sow land with a crop, as Cicero counts the acres sown.^(OLD 2012) Its past participle ''satus'' was used of persons “begotten, born” of a parent, and figuratively it meant to sow the seeds of something, to foment trouble or start a quarrel.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ The noun of action ''satiō'' “a sowing” became Old French ''seison'' “sowing time, right moment” and so [[en|season]] about 1300.^(Etymonline) [[dissēminō]], from ''sēmen'', gave [[en|disseminate]] about 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius speaks of planting trees for a later generation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of land sown with a crop.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''season'' is recorded, from ''satiō'' through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|plant]], [[m|en|sow]] (seeds or seedlings).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sow (land) with a crop.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (chiefly in the participle ''satus'') To beget, engender, ''satus'', born of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) To sow the seeds of, [[m|en|foment]], start (a quarrel, rumour).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disserō]]

+ * [[obserō]]

+ * [[reserō]]

+ * [[Sēribibī]]

+ * [[omnisatus]]

+ * [[asserō]]

+ * [[circumserō]]

+ * [[cōnserō]]

+ * [[dēserō]]

+ * [[īnserō]]

+ * [[interserō]]

+ * [[perserō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sēritās]]

+ * [[sērus]]

+ * [[sors]]

+ * [[sēmen]]

+ * [[en|season]]

+ * [[en|disseminate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Three other words share the spelling: ''serō, serere, seruī, sertum'' “to link, string together”, [[inh|ine-pro|*ser-]], from which come ''series'' and ''sermō'', ''serō, serāre'' “to bolt”, from ''sera'' “bar”; and the adverb ''sērō'' “late, too late”, from [[sērus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}