gnarus Latin · revision 5650

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵneh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnaː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɲaː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gnārus''' (feminine gnāra, neuter gnārum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gnāro-|t=knowing]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵnh₃-ro-|t=knowing]], from the root *ǵneh₃- “to know” of [[nōscō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|naratu|t=let him recite]], which shows the same stem as a verb, and with [[grc|γνώριμος|tr=gnṓrimos|t=well-known]].^(de Vaan 2008) The adjective kept its initial /g/ on the model of [[ignārus]] “ignorant”, while the verb [[narrō]] “to tell”, from *gnārāre, lost it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, and Varro has a form ''nārus'' when explaining ''narrō''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant having knowledge or experience of something, usually with a genitive, as Cicero's ''gnārus reī pūblicae'' “versed in public affairs”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) With passive force it also meant “known, familiar”, as places known to the Vitellians in Tacitus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it for “wise, knowledgeable”, also as a noun.^(DMLBS) Its verb ''narrāre'' gave [[en|narrate]] in 1748, a word long stigmatized in English as Scottish.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro has the form ''nārus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls a man versed in public affairs ''gnārus reī pūblicae''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it passively, “known”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1748 – English ''narrate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having knowledge or experience (of), acquainted (with), [[m|en|versed]] (in).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Known, familiar.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gnārigō]]

+ * [[gnāritās]]

+ * [[ignārus]]

+ * [[naritas]]

+ * [[pergnārus]]

+ * [[prōgnāriter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōscō]]

+ * [[narrō]]

+ * [[en|narrate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}