palus Latin · revision 5648

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₂ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaː.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pālus''' ''m'' (genitive pālī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pākslo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*peh₂ǵ-slo-]], from the root *peh₂ǵ- “to fasten, fix” of [[pangō]] “to fix, drive in”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The cluster was simplified with a long vowel, while the diminutive [[paxillus]] “peg” keeps the /ks/.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[grc|πάσσαλος|tr=pássalos|t=peg]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus, who has a slave beat his breast as if with a stake and a soldier who is not fit to drive a peg into a wall.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a length of unsplit wood, a post or stake, used for propping vines, as Cato prescribes dry stakes, for fences, and for tying up a man to be flogged, ''ad pālum adligāre'' in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also a wooden peg or pin, and the post at which recruits practised sword strokes.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It survives in every Romance language, as [[it|palo]], [[fr|pal]], Old French ''pieu'' and Romanian ''par''.^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) [[en|pale]] “stake, fence of stakes” was borrowed from French and Latin in the early 13th century, the source of “beyond the pale”, and Gallo-Roman *''palīcea'' gave [[en|palisade]] through Provençal and French about 1600.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of a stake and of a peg in a wall.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato prescribes stakes for vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of tying a man to a stake.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''pale'' “stake” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''palisade'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A post, [[m|en|stake]] (of unsplit wood).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A wooden [[m|en|peg]] or pin.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The post used for sword practice; the stake at which offenders were tied.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pangō]]

+ * [[paxillus]]

+ * [[en|pale]]

+ * [[en|palisade]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Palūs, palūdis'' (with short ''a''), feminine, is a different word, “marsh, swamp”, [[inh|itc-pro|*palūd-]], whose origin is uncertain; de Vaan doubts the link with ''pallēre'' “to be pale”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}