solum Latin · revision 5643

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sel-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔː.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''solum''' ''n'' (genitive solī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*se/olo-|t=base, sole]], [[inh|ine-pro|*se/ol-o-|t=place, habitation]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[lt|sala|t=island; village]], [[cu|село|tr=selo|t=field, village]], [[goh|sal|t=dwelling, room]] and [[non|salr|t=hall]].^(de Vaan 2008) Because *selo- would also give Latin /solu-/, it is uncertain whether it continues *sel- or *sol-.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore derived it from [[m|la|soliditās]], as everything that bears a weight.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, whose parasite threatens to put all bankers under the sole of his foot.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its general sense was the bottom on which a thing rests: the base or foundation of a structure, the bottom of a ditch or pool, the sole of the foot or a shoe, and the floor of a house, as Cicero's marble floors.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From the ground underfoot it meant the soil, especially as cultivated, then a country's soil, one's native land, and the ground, as in ''sōlō aequāre'' “to raze to the ground”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts ''solum'', the solid ground opposed to air and water, with ''fundus'' and ''vadum''.^(Döderlein 1874) It survives in [[it|suolo]], [[fr|sol]] and [[es|suelo]], and [[en|solum]] is used in Scots law and soil science.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of the sole of the foot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of marble floors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The base, [[m|en|foundation]] (of a structure), ''ab solō'', from the ground up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The [[m|en|sole]] (of the foot or a shoe).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The floor (of a house).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Soil]], earth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The soil of a country, land.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The ground, ''solō aequāre'', to raze to the ground.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sōlārium]]

+ * [[sōlārius]]

+ * [[solea]]

+ * [[solifundium]]

+ * [[solivertiātor]]

+ * [[assolō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[soleō]]

+ * [[fundus]]

+ * [[en|solum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sōlum'' (long ''ō'') is the adverb “only”, the accusative of [[sōlus]], as in ''nōn sōlum ... sed etiam'' “not only ... but also”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}