caries Latin · revision 5637

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Turpilius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.ri.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.ri.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cariēs''' ''f'' (genitive cariēī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan derives it most simply from [[careō]] “to lack”, as “defect, state of defectiveness”, with the abstract suffix [[m|la|-iēs]] as in [[aciēs]] beside [[aceō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Earlier dictionaries connected [[ine-pro|*ḱreh₂-|t=to break]], as in [[sa|शृणाति|tr=śr̥ṇā́ti|t=breaks]] and [[grc|κεραΐζω|tr=keraḯzō|t=to ravage]], but no other Latin word from that root is known.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro, who complains of couches lost to rot and moths.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Turpilius.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Turpilius to the 2nd century BC and Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a decaying or shrivelling, especially the dry rot of wood, as Vitruvius says some timbers are not harmed by worms or rot; it was also the change produced in wine by ageing, and concretely the rotten matter itself.^(OLD 2012) Celsus used it in medicine of decay of the bones.^(Gaffiot 2016) Only the accusative and ablative singular are found besides the nominative.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It survives in [[it|carie]] and [[fr|carie]], and [[en|caries]] was borrowed in the 1630s for disease of bone, later of the teeth.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd century BC – Turpilius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of couches lost to rot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of rot in timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English ''caries'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Decay]], [[m|en|rot]] (especially of wood).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The change produced in wine by ageing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rotten matter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (medicine) Decay of the bones, [[m|en|caries]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carians]]

+ * [[cariōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[careō]]

+ * [[en|caries]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}