claudus Latin · revision 5635

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫau̯.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklaːu̯.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''claudus''' (feminine clauda, neuter claudum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Many have connected [[clāvis]] “bar” and [[clāva]] “club”, as “one who goes with a stick” or “one who is hampered”, from *klāw-idos, but de Vaan notes that an adjective in /-idus/ would make the lame man stick-like rather than one who walks with a stick.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary compares [[ru|колдыка|tr=koldyka|t=lame person]] and [[grc|κολοβός|tr=kolobós|t=docked]], from *kelh₂- “to strike, cut”.^(Wiktionary) Old forms [[m|la|clōdus]] and [[m|la|clūdus]] are found.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus, who calls a man lame, blind and dumb when given orders.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant lame or limping, as Nepos' Agesilaus lame in one foot and Horace's limping foot of Punishment, which still overtakes the criminal.^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used of halting rhythm and incomplete clauses in Quintilian, of a ship that has lost its oars, and of defective or imperfect things.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Isidore says Vulcan is called lame because fire never moves straight.^(Isidore) Its verb [[claudicō]] “to limp” gave [[en|claudication]] in the 1550s, and the Roman name ''Claudius'' was popularly linked with it.^(Etymonline)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus calls a man lame, blind and dumb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos calls Agesilaus lame in one foot.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace speaks of the limping foot of Punishment.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian speaks of halting clauses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English ''claudication'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Lame]], [[m|en|limping]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of rhythm, verse) Uneven, halting.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Defective, imperfect.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[claudīgō]]

+ * [[clauditās]]

+ * [[claudaster]]

+ * [[claudeō]]

+ * [[claudicō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clāvis]]

+ * [[clāva]]

+ * [[en|claudication]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}