pope English · revision 5610

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 900|origins=grc πάππας}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /pəʊp/, US /poʊp/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|pope]], [[inh|ang|pāpa]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) [[bor|la|pāpa|t=bishop, pope]] (in classical Latin “tutor”),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[grc|πάπας|tr=pápas|t=patriarch, bishop]], a later form of [[m|grc|πάππας|tr=páppas|t=father]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021) See [[papa]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church: before 900, in Alfred's translation of Bede.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The title was applied to bishops of Asia Minor and taken by the Bishop of Alexandria about 250.^(Etymonline) In the Western Church it was used especially of the Bishop of Rome from Leo the Great (440–461), and claimed by them alone from 1073.^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) The spelling pope replaced pape before 1200;^(Barnhart 1988) ''papal'' and ''papacy'', later borrowings, keep the original vowel.^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) The spiritual head of another religion is from about 1400,^(OED 1989) and a person with authority like a pope's, figuratively, from 1589.^(OED 1989) An effigy of the pope burnt on Guy Fawkes Night is from 1673.^(OED 1989) ''Pope's nose'', the fleshy tail of a bird, is from 1895,^(Etymonline) and ''popemobile'' from 1979.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 900 – the Bishop of Rome.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1400 – a head of another religion.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1589 – figurative use.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1895 – ''pope's nose''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1979 – ''popemobile''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(often Pope)'' The [[bishop]] of Rome, head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The [[patriarch]] of Alexandria, in the Coptic and Greek Orthodox churches.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A person thought to have the highest authority in some field.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[popeless]]

+ * [[popelike]]

+ * [[popery]]

+ * [[protopope]]

+ * [[antipope]]

+ * [[popedom]]

+ * [[popish]]

+ * [[black pope]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[papal]]

+ * [[papacy]]

+ * [[papist]]

+ * [[papa]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A pope is also a parish priest in the Russian Orthodox Church, from Russian pop, from the mid-17th century.^(SOED 2002)^(Hoad 1986) In English dialect pope was a name for the bullfinch and for the ruff, a small perch-like fish.^(Wright 1898)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}