cunctus Latin · revision 5592

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=compound|attested=Carmen Arvale}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkuːŋk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkuŋk.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cūnctus''' (feminine cūncta, neuter cūnctum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The traditional derivation, accepted with some reservations by de Vaan, is from [[itc-pro|*kom-kitos|t=called together]], the participle of [[concieō]], with the middle syllable lost.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan suggests the loss happened in the frequent plural [[m|la|cūnctī]].^(de Vaan 2008) Ernout and Meillet reject this, and Lewis & Short derive it from [[coniūnctus]] “joined”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the ''Carmen Arvale'', which has the old form ''conctos'', and Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the singular it meant the whole of something, as ''cūncta cīvitās'' “the whole state” and ''cūnctus senātus'' “the entire senate” in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the plural it meant all, all together, and also all the rest.^(OLD 2012) The neuter plural ''cūncta'' was “everything”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval writers used it for “all”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the whole senate.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (singular) The [[m|en|whole]] of, all, entire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) [[m|en|All]], all together.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cunctalis]]

+ * [[cuncticinus]]

+ * [[cunctim]]

+ * [[cunctiparens]]

+ * [[cū̆nctipotēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[concieō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein groups [[omnis|alt=omnēs]], [[ūniversus|alt=ūniversī]] and ''cūnctī'' as a totality taken together, against [[quisque]], [[quīvīs]] and [[quīlibet]], which split it into individuals.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}