sitis Latin · revision 5574

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dʰgʷʰey-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɪ.tɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsiː.tis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sitis''' ''f sg'' (genitive sitis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*(k)siti-]], from [[ine-pro|*dʰgʷʰí-ti-|t=perishing, wasting away]], from the root *dʰgʷʰey- “to perish”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the initial /s/ by a metathesis of *dʰgʷʰ- to *gʷʰdʰ- in pre-Italic, which gave *kþ- and then ''s-''.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|क्षयति|tr=kṣáyati|t=perishes]] and [[grc|φθίνω|tr=phthínō|t=to waste away]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the origin doubtful, and Lewis & Short compare [[siccus]] “dry”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where an old woman complains that she is parched with thirst.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was thirst, and in medicine abstaining from drink.^(OLD 2012) By transfer it was the dryness of soil and crops, or drought, as when the Dog Star cracks the fields with thirst in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was a craving, as Cicero's “thirst of desire” and “thirst for liberty”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval writers also used it of dehydration and of spiritual thirst.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|sete]], [[fr|soif]], [[es|sed]] and [[pt|sede]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has an old woman parched with thirst.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of quenching thirst.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil speaks of the Dog Star cracking the fields.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Thirst]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Dryness, [[m|en|drought]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) Craving, desire.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sitīcula]]

+ * [[sitiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}