imber Latin · revision 5573

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *nebʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪm.bɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈim.ber]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imber''' ''m'' (genitive imbris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*n̥fri-|t=cloud]], from [[ine-pro|*n̥bʰ-r-o-|t=rain cloud]], a derivative of the root of [[nebula]] “mist”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|anafríss|t=to the rain gods]], [[sa|अभ्र|tr=abhrá|t=cloud]] and [[grc|ὄμβρος|tr=ómbros|t=rain shower]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where a lover says he will endure rain, toil, sun and thirst.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was rain, a shower or downpour, and Cato lists the work that can be done in the rain.^(OLD 2012) In Virgil it can be a rain cloud.^(Gaffiot 2016) It was applied to artificial showers and to streams of other liquids, as a rain of tears in Catullus, and in poetry to water in general, as Plautus' “carrying water in a sieve”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of rain and figuratively.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of enduring rain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato lists the work that can be done in the rain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus speaks of a rain of tears.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Rain]], a shower.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A rain cloud.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A shower (of other liquids, tears).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (poetic) Water.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imbrex]]

+ * [[imbrialis]]

+ * [[imbricitor]]

+ * [[imbricō]]

+ * [[imbricus]]

+ * [[imbridus]]

+ * [[imbrifer]]

+ * [[imbrifico]]

+ * [[imbrilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nebula]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts [[pluvia]], rain as a welcome natural event that the thirsty ground absorbs, with ''imber'', rain with cold and stormy weather, and [[nimbus]], rain with clouds.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}