fur Latin · revision 5555

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfuːr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfur]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūr''' ''m'' or f (genitive fūris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[itc-pro|*fōr]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰṓr|t=thief, one who carries off]], from the root of [[ferō]] “to carry”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[grc|φώρ|tr=phṓr|t=thief]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) It has been taken as a loan from Greek, but de Vaan doubts this, since Greek φ would hardly have given Latin ''f'' so early, the many derivatives show an old word, and /ō/ became /ū/ regularly around 200 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where a slave is told to say that thieves came and carried off the knife and axe.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a thief, robber or burglar, and as a term of abuse a rogue, as Plautus' greeting to “thieves of husbands”.^(OLD 2012) Cato says the ancestors punished a thief twice over, a usurer four times.^(Gaffiot 2016) Varro uses it of the drone or robber bee.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of the Devil as a thief.^(DMLBS) Late Latin ''fūrō'' “thief” gave Old French ''furet'' and [[en|ferret]] in the late 14th century, and [[fūrtīvus]] “stolen” gave [[en|furtive]] in the 16th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of thieves who carried off tools.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato contrasts the punishment of thieves and usurers.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''ferret'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|thief]], robber.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (abusive) A rogue.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A drone, robber bee.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fūrīnus]]

+ * [[fūrtum]]

+ * [[fūrtus]]

+ * [[fūrunculus]]

+ * [[trifūr]]

+ * [[fūrācitās]]

+ * [[fūrāciter]]

+ * [[fūrātor]]

+ * [[fūrātrīna]]

+ * [[fūrāx]]

+ * [[fūror]]

+ * [[fūrtificus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|ferret]]

+ * [[en|furtive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}