caelebs Latin · revision 5554

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkae̯.ɫɛps]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.lebs]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caelebs''' (genitive caelibis); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is unknown.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) It has been reconstructed as *kaiwelo-libʰ- “living alone”, comparing [[sa|केवल|tr=kévala|t=alone, one's own]], but de Vaan notes that the root and formation are unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan also mentions a link with [[cu|цѣлъ|tr=cělъ|t=whole]], from [[ine-pro|*keh₂i-lo-|t=whole]].^(de Vaan 2008) The Appendix Probi corrects the misspelling [[m|la|celeps]].^(Appendix Probi)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant unmarried, nearly always of men, whether bachelors or widowers, and the censors were to forbid men to remain single.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of trees it meant not supporting vines, as Horace's “bachelor plane tree”.^(OLD 2012) Horace also says nothing is better than the single life.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval writers used it of celibate men and women and of the celibate way of life.^(DMLBS) Its derivative [[caelibātus]] gave [[en|celibate]] in the 1610s and [[en|celibacy]] in the 1660s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero's laws order the censors to forbid men to stay single.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace speaks of the bachelor plane tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English ''celibate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Unmarried]], [[m|en|single]] (of men).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of trees) Not supporting vines.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|Celibate]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caelibāris]]

+ * [[caelibātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|celibate]]

+ * [[en|celibacy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}