hop English · revision 5535

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /hɒp/, US /hɑːp/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ {{homograph|1|leap}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1000|origins=gem-pro *hupnōną}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is [[inh|enm|hoppen]], [[inh|ang|hoppian|t=to spring, leap, dance]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[gem-pro|*hupnōną]].^(Etymonline) It is related to Old Norse hoppa, Dutch huppen and German hüpfen “to hop”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) The noun is from the verb, first recorded in 1508 in Dunbar.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To spring a short way with a bouncing movement: about 1000.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old English hoppian could also mean to dance or to limp.^(Etymonline) The dancing sense is recorded from about 1386 and is now only playful,^(OED 1989) and the noun “an informal dance” is from 1731,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and Johnson defined a hop as “a place where meaner people dance”.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Hopping on one foot is recorded from 1700, and the transitive sense, to jump over, from 1791.^(OED 1989) A stage of a journey by aircraft is from 1909, the same year as hopping onto a moving vehicle.^(OED 1989) ''Hopping mad'' is from the 1670s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – to leap, spring.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1386 – to dance.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1508 – the noun, a leap.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1731 – a dance party.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1909 – a short flight; to jump onto a vehicle.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To jump on one foot, or (of an animal) with all feet together.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' To move or go quickly, or to get on or off a vehicle: ''hop on a bus''.^(Collins 2023)^(COED 2004)

+ # To jump over something.^(Collins 2023)^(COED 2004)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A short [[jump]], especially on one foot.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' A short journey, especially by air.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal, dated)'' An informal [[dance]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ {{homograph|2|plant}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1440|origins=gem-pro *hupnan-}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The plant is [[bor|dum|hoppe]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*hupnan-]],^(Etymonline) also the source of Old Saxon -hoppo (in feldhoppo) and German Hopfen.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Its further origin is uncertain: Etymonline suggests the root *(s)keup- “cluster, tuft” for the tufted flowers.^(Etymonline) Medieval Latin hupa, Old French hoppe and French houblon come from Dutch.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ripened cones of the hop plant, used to flavour malt liquor: about 1440, in the Promptorium Parvulorum.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The climbing plant itself is recorded from 1538.^(OED 1989) The verb, to flavour with hops, is from 1572.^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024) In Australian and New Zealand slang ''hops'' means beer, from 1929.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002) ''Hop'' as a slang name for opium, from 1887, may come from Cantonese and was reinterpreted as this word.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1440 – hop cones.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1538 – the hop plant.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1572 – to flavour with hops.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1887 – opium (slang).^(Etymonline)

+ * 1929 – beer (Australia, New Zealand).^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A climbing plant, Humulus lupulus, of the [[hemp]] family.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(usually hops)'' Its dried cone-shaped flowers, used to give [[beer]] a bitter taste.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To flavour with hops.^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hopper]]

+ * [[hip-hop]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Australian slang ''Hop'' or ''John Hop'', a police officer (early 20th century), is rhyming slang for [[cop]].^(SOED 2002)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}