recall English · revision 5532

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1582}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈkɔːl/, /rəˈkɔːl/, US /rɪˈkɔːl/, /ˈriː.kɔːl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[re-]] and [[call]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) sometimes as a loan translation of [[m|frm|rappeler]] (see [[repeal]]) or of [[m|la|revocāre|t=to call back]] (see [[revoke]]).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) The noun, from 1611, is from the verb.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To bring back by calling: 1582, in Barnhart and the OED, and the 1580s in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) MWU dates its sense “to call back from a place” to 1565.^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To revoke or take back is also from the 1580s.^(Etymonline) To summon a person back is from 1591.^(OED 1989) To bring back to mind is from the 1610s in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) while Barnhart dates the sense “remember” to Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690).^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) The noun “recalling to the mind” is from 1651, and in psychology the ability to remember from 1887.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) In American politics a recall is the removal of an elected official by petition and vote, from 1902.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) A manufacturer's request to return faulty products is a later sense.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1582 – to bring back by calling.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1580s – to revoke.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1611 – the noun.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1690 – to remember.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1902 – removal of an official (US).^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[remember]] something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To order someone to come back: ''recall an ambassador''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To ask buyers to return a faulty product.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # To make someone think of something; to [[remind]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To cancel or take back; to [[revoke]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The ability to remember things: ''total recall''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An order to return, especially of a faulty product.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # ''(US)'' The removal of an elected official by a vote of the people.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[recallable]]

+ * [[recallability]]

+ * [[recaller]]

+ * [[unrecalled]]

+ * [[total recall]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[revoke]]

+ * [[repeal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ As a noun it is often stressed on the first syllable, /ˈriː.kɔːl/, the usual American form.^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}