fas Latin · revision 5523

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *bʰeh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfaːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fās''' ''n sg'' (indeclinable, no genitive)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fās]], probably [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰéh₂-os|t=saying, utterance]], from the root [[ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-|t=to speak]] of [[for|alt=fārī]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks the noun first survived only in the phrase “the saying exists”, hence “it is right”, and that [[fāstus]] and [[fānum]] were derived from it.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the connection with ''fārī'' doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was what is right or permitted by divine law, the will of heaven, and then what is morally right or proper.^(OLD 2012) It was usually a predicate, ''fās est'' “it is right, it is allowed”, and was often opposed to [[nefās]].^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of destroying all ''iūs ac fās'', human and divine law.^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore defines it as divine law, against [[iūs]], human law: to cross another's field is ''fās'', but not ''iūs''.^(Isidore)

+

+ Medieval Latin kept it in the phrase ''contrā iūs fāsque''.^(DMLBS) Its negative ''nefās'' gave ''nefārius'', the source of [[en|nefarious]] about 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of destroying all ''iūs ac fās''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore contrasts ''fās'' with ''iūs''.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''nefarious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # What is right by [[m|en|divine]] [[m|en|law]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The will of heaven.^(OLD 2012)

+ # What is morally right, proper, ''fās est'', it is allowed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A sense of right; a right, a claim.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fānum]]

+ * [[fāstus]]

+ * [[nefās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[for]]

+ * [[en|nefarious]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is indeclinable and used almost only in the nominative and accusative.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}