fanum Latin · revision 5521

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dʰeh₁s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfaː.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfaː.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fānum''' ''n'' (genitive fānī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fasno-|t=temple]], from [[ine-pro|*dʰh₁s-no-|t=consecrated place]], a derivative of the root seen in [[fēriae]] “holidays” and [[fēstus]] “festive”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|fíísnú|t=temple]], [[pgn|fesn|t=temple]] and [[xum|fesnafe|t=into the temples]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short, after Varro and Festus, derive it from [[for|alt=fārī]] “to speak”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where a sacristan is asked to open the shrine, and Ennius speaks of shrines burnt by flames.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was originally a piece of ground consecrated by an augur, and usually a shrine or temple.^(OLD 2012) As a place name it was the town ''Fānum Fortūnae'' in Umbria, today's Fano.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was a pagan sanctuary, and in Britain also a church, especially in place names.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Its derivatives [[profānus]] “outside the temple, unholy” and [[fānāticus]] “inspired by a god” gave [[en|profane]] in the mid-15th century and [[en|fanatic]] in the 1520s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has a shrine opened.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar occupies the town of Fanum.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''profane'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1520s – English ''fanatic'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A piece of consecrated ground; a [[m|en|shrine]], [[m|en|temple]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A pagan sanctuary; a church.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fānāticus]]

+ * [[profānō]]

+ * [[profānus]]

+ * [[fānāticē]]

+ * [[fānitālis]]

+ * [[fānō]]

+ * [[fānulum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fēriae]]

+ * [[fās]]

+ * [[en|profane]]

+ * [[en|fanatic]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein counts [[templum]], ''fānum'' and [[dēlūbrum]] as the temple with its sacred precinct, against [[aedēs]], the building only, ''templum'' was the great temple of a main god, ''fānum'' a smaller one.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}