bid English · revision 5519

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725, Beowulf|origins=gem-pro *bidjaną, gem-pro *beudaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɪd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The modern verb combines two Old English verbs that became confused in early Middle English.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988) The senses “ask, command” and “bid farewell” are [[inh|enm|bidden]], [[inh|ang|biddan|t=to ask, entreat, pray]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[gem-pro|*bidjaną]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) also the source of German bitten “to ask” and Gothic bidjan;^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Kluge and Watkins derive it from the root of [[bead]], [[ine-pro|*gʷʰedʰ-|t=to ask, pray]].^(Etymonline) The senses “offer” and “announce” are from Old English bēodan “to offer, proclaim”,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) from [[gem-pro|*beudaną]], also the source of German bieten “to offer”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and related to [[bode]].^(Etymonline) Old English biddan had already taken on the sense “command”, and the similar Middle English forms helped to merge them.^(Hoad 1986) The noun is from the verb.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old English biddan is in Beowulf, about 725.^(Barnhart 1988) In Middle English bidden “to beg, request” is recorded before 1121.^(Barnhart 1988) To offer a price is from about 1200 in the OED.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To offer battle, to challenge, is from before 1300.^(OED 1989) The noun, an offer of a price, is from 1788,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) and in card games, a proposal to win a number of tricks, from 1880.^(Etymonline) An attempt to win or achieve something, as in ''a bid for power'', is a later noun sense.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) The past tense ''bade'' and past participle ''bidden'' belong to the old senses “command” and “greet”, while ''bid'' is used for offering.^(Hoad 1986)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 725 – Old English biddan, in Beowulf.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1200 – to offer a price.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1788 – the noun, an offer.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1880 – in card games.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To offer an amount of money for something, especially at an [[auction]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To offer to do work for a stated price; to [[tender]].^(Collins 2023)

+ # To try to get or win something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(cards)'' To state how many tricks one expects to take.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(literary; past bade, bidden)'' To [[command]] someone, or to say a greeting: ''bid farewell''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An offer of a price, especially at an auction.^(SOED 2002)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An attempt to get or achieve something: ''a bid for freedom''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(cards)'' A statement of how many tricks one will try to win.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bidder]]

+ * [[forbid]]

+ * [[biddable]]

+ * [[counterbid]]

+ * [[outbid]]

+ * [[overbid]]

+ * [[prebid]]

+ * [[rebid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bead]]

+ * [[bode]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ On prescriptions, b.i.d. is an abbreviation of Latin ''bis in die'', twice a day.^(Collins 2023)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}