forth English · revision 5514

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 700|origins=gem-pro *furþa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /fɔːθ/, US /fɔːrθ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|forth]], [[inh|ang|forþ|t=forward, onward]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*furþa|t=forward]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) also the source of Old Saxon forth, Dutch voort and German fort.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It goes back to [[ine-pro|*per-|t=forward]], through a form *pṛto-,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988) and is related to [[for]], [[fore-]] and [[further]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Onward in time, immediately afterwards and continuously: before 700.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) The sense “onward from a point” is in an Old English charter of 847.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a preposition Old English forþ also meant “during”.^(Etymonline) The sense “forwards”, as opposed to backwards, is now obsolete except in ''back and forth'',^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) and “onwards” survives in general use mainly in ''and so forth'', which was already in Old English.^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline) Forward into view, as in ''bring forth'', and away, abroad, remain literary.^(Hoad 1986)^(AHD) ''Forthcoming'' is from 1531–32,^(Barnhart 1988) ''forthright'' from Old English forþriht,^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988) and ''forthwith'', at first “at the same time”, from the 14th century.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 700 – onward in time.^(OED 1989)

+ * 847 – onward from a point.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1000 – forwards.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1531 – ''forthcoming''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(literary)'' Forward or onward in time, place or order: ''from that day forth''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(literary)'' Out into view: ''bring forth''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(literary)'' Away from a place; [[abroad]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(in and so forth)'' And so on; [[et cetera]].^(Collins 2023)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(archaic)'' Out of; away from.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[afford]]

+ * [[further]]

+ * [[henceforth]]

+ * [[thenceforth]]

+ * [[back and forth]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forthcoming]]

+ * [[forthright]]

+ * [[forthwith]]

+ * [[fore]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}