langueo Latin · revision 5508

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Accius|origins=ine-pro *(s)leh₁g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫaŋ.ɡʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlaŋ.ɡʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''langueō''' (present infinitive languēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[itc-pro|*(s)lang-u-]], perhaps [[ine-pro|*sl-n-ǵ-u-|t=weak, faint]], a nasalized form of the root of [[laxus]] “slack”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan thinks it was based on an adjective *langu(o)- “faint”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|λαγαρός|tr=lagarós|t=slack, thin]], [[non|slakr|t=slack]] and [[en|slack]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Accius.^(de Vaan 2008) Cicero writes that he was tired from his journey and out of sorts.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be physically sluggish, faint or weak, as from illness, and of plants to droop or wilt, as the hyacinth in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was to be idle or inert, as a sinking people that the orator must rouse, and of feelings to lack vigour, as love without a rival in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) Martial says the sea “languishes” when it is calm.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its derivatives [[languor]] and [[languēscō]] stand behind [[en|languor]], about 1300, and through Old French ''languir'' [[en|languish]] in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero says he was worn out from a journey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil speaks of a drooping hyacinth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''languish'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|faint]], sluggish, weak.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of plants) To [[m|en|droop]], wilt.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be idle, inert.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of feelings) To lack vigour, [[m|en|languish]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[languefaciō]]

+ * [[languēscō]]

+ * [[languidus]]

+ * [[languificus]]

+ * [[languor]]

+ * [[languēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[languidē]]

+ * [[languidulus]]

+ * [[laxus]]

+ * [[en|languish]]

+ * [[en|languor]]

+ * [[en|slack]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}