plango Latin · revision 5505

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *pleh₂g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫaŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈplaŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plangō''' (present infinitive plangere, perfect active plānxī, supine plānctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*plāngō|t=to hit]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pl̥h₂-n-g-|t=to hit]], a nasal present of the root also in [[plāga]] “blow”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|πλάζω|tr=plázō|t=to drive off course]], [[grc|πλήσσω|tr=plḗssō|t=to strike]], [[got|𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌺𐌿𐌽|tr=faiflokun|t=they beat]] and [[lt|plakù|t=I beat]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) De Vaan explains “mourn” from “hit”, through beating one's breast.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius, who writes of waves beating against rocks.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to beat or strike with a noise, as women beat drums in Catullus, and to beat the breast or head in mourning.^(OLD 2012) From this it came to mean to mourn for or bewail the dead, as the people of Memphis mourn the bull Apis in Tibullus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its noun [[plānctus]] gave Old French ''plainte'' and [[en|plaint]] about 1200, and ''plaintiff'' and [[en|complain]] also go back to it.^(Etymonline) The verb survives in [[it|piangere|t=to weep]], [[fr|plaindre]] and Romanian ''plânge''.^(Wiktionary) Its participle gave [[en|plangent]] in 1822.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius speaks of waves beating rocks.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus has women beating drums.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''plaint'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1822 – English ''plangent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|beat]], strike (with a noise).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To beat (the breast) in mourning.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|mourn]] for, [[m|en|bewail]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēplangō]]

+ * [[plānctus]]

+ * [[plangor]]

+ * [[plāga]]

+ * [[plāgiger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plēctō]]

+ * [[en|plaint]]

+ * [[en|plangent]]

+ * [[en|complain]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}