tollo Latin · revision 5503

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *telh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tollō''' (present infinitive tollere, perfect active sustulī, supine sublātum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tolnō]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tl̥-né-h₂-|t=to lift, carry]], a nasal present of the root *telh₂- “to bear”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The nasal present *toln- became toll- by assimilation.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|τάλας|tr=tálas|t=enduring, wretched]], [[xve|tolar|t=offers]] and [[xum|andendu|t=let him set up]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[tolerō]] “to bear” and the perfect [[ferō|alt=tulī]] of ''ferō'' belong to the same root.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) A law attributed to the kings forbids lifting a man killed by lightning above the knees.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables to about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to pick up from the ground, and of a father to lift a newborn child as a sign that he acknowledged and would raise it.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to raise, lift or hoist, to climb up, and to raise dust into the air.^(OLD 2012) From picking up came to take on board, to carry off or remove, to steal, and to get rid of a person or a thing, often by killing or destroying.^(OLD 2012) Its perfect ''sustulī'' and supine ''sublātum'' are shared with [[sufferō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives in [[it|togliere|t=to take away]] and [[pt|tolher|t=to hinder]].^(Wiktionary) Its compound [[extollō]] gave [[en|extol]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has someone pick up a flask.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has thieves start to lift a candelabrum.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pick up, [[m|en|lift]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of a father) To acknowledge (a newborn child).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|raise]], hoist.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take on board; to carry off, [[m|en|remove]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To steal.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To get rid of; to kill; to destroy, abolish.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abstollō]]

+ * [[attollō]]

+ * [[circumtollō]]

+ * [[contollō]]

+ * [[extollō]]

+ * [[intollō]]

+ * [[protollō]]

+ * [[retollō]]

+ * [[sublātiō]]

+ * [[supertollō]]

+ * [[sustollō]]

+ * [[tolūtim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tollēnō]]

+ * [[ferō]]

+ * [[en|extol]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}