soleo Latin · revision 5502

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔ.ɫe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔː.le.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''soleō''' (present infinitive solēre, perfect active soluī or solitus sum, supine solitum); second conjugation, optionally semi-deponent, no future, no imperative^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives it from [[itc-pro|*solē-|t=to occupy]], [[ine-pro|*sol-eh₁-|t=to occupy, inhabit]], the root of [[solum]] “ground”.^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny, noting its closeness to [[suēscō]] “to grow used” and [[sodālis]] “companion”, preferred *swedʰ-ē-, with an irregular change of /d/ to /l/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD calls it doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who speaks of the golden bowl King Pterelas used to drink from.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With an infinitive it meant to be accustomed or used to doing something, and so to be apt or liable to it.^(OLD 2012) With a neuter subject it meant to be the common practice, as in ''ut solet'' “as usual”.^(OLD 2012) With ''cum'' it also meant to have relations with someone, in Plautus and Catullus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016) Ennius and Cato used an active perfect ''soluī'', which later gave way to ''solitus sum''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ It survives in [[it|solere]] and [[es|soler]].^(Wiktionary) The participles [[īnsolēns]] “unaccustomed, arrogant” and ''obsolētus'' “worn out” gave [[en|insolent]] in the late 14th century and [[en|obsolete]] in the 1570s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of the bowl King Pterelas used.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses the perfect ''soluī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''insolent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1570s – English ''obsolete'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|accustomed]], used (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be apt, liable (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (impersonal) To be the custom, ''ut solet'', as usual.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have relations with.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assoleō]]

+ * [[īnsolēns]]

+ * [[īnsolitus]]

+ * [[obsoleo]]

+ * [[solitaneus]]

+ * [[solitatim]]

+ * [[solitō]]

+ * [[insoleo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[solum]]

+ * [[suēscō]]

+ * [[en|insolent]]

+ * [[en|obsolete]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that ''solēre'' is used of events and actions, while [[cōnsuēscō|alt=cōnsuēvisse]] is used only of what a person does by habit.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}