careo Latin · revision 5484

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.re.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.re.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''careō''' (present infinitive carēre, perfect active caruī, supine caritum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kasē-|t=to lack]], with /s/ becoming /r/ between vowels.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The pair ''careō'' and [[castus]] “pure”, its old participle, proves an original root *kas-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xfa|carefo|t=I will lack]] and [[osc|kasit|t=it is necessary]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) A link with [[sa|शसति|tr=śásati|t=cuts]] through *ḱes- “to cut” is old, but de Vaan rejects it as semantically weak.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, where someone asks to be ordered to go without food.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the ablative it meant to be without, not to have, and to go without something desirable or necessary.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to be free from danger or trouble, to abstain from something on purpose, as from the senate, and to be deprived or bereft of something.^(OLD 2012) Cicero discusses its meaning in the ''Tusculan Disputations''.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ It survives in [[es|carecer]] and [[pt|carecer]].^(Wiktionary) Its third person ''caret'' “(something) is lacking” became the proof-reader's mark [[en|caret]] in the 1680s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has someone ordered to go without food.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero discusses its meaning.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1680s – English ''caret'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be without, [[m|en|lack]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To go without.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be free from.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|abstain]] from.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be deprived of, lose.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caresco]]

+ * [[carians]]

+ * [[cariēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cassus]]

+ * [[castrō]]

+ * [[castus]]

+ * [[en|caret]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that ''carēre'' concerns a desirable possession, as against [[egeō|alt=egēre]] and [[indigeō|alt=indigēre]], which concern what is necessary: Seneca says virtue often lacks pleasure but never needs it.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}