do Latin · revision 5466

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Elogia Scipionum|origins=ine-pro *deh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɔː]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dō''' (present infinitive dare, perfect active dedī, supine datum); first conjugation, irregular short ă in most forms^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*didō]], from the root [[ine-pro|*deh₃-|t=to give]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Proto-Indo-European had a reduplicated present *di-d(e)h₃- and a root aorist *deh₃-/*dh₃-, and de Vaan takes the Latin present with short ''a'' ([[m|la|damus]], [[m|la|dare]]) from the aorist stem, while the reduplication survives in the perfect [[m|la|dedī]].^(de Vaan 2008) The reduplicated present is kept in [[osc|didest|t=will give]], [[xum|teřa|t=may give]] and [[pgn|dida]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|ददाति|tr=dádāti|t=gives]], [[grc|δίδωμι|tr=dídōmi|t=I give]] and [[lt|dúomi|t=I give]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The OLD notes that in sense it was sometimes confused with the separate verb -''dō'' “to put” of [[abdō]] and [[condō]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan lists the perfect ''dedet'' in the epitaph of a Scipio of about 230 BC and ''dedit'' in an inscription of 211 BC.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus speaks of a slave given to someone as his own.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its core sense was to make a gift of something.^(OLD 2012) It was also used of granting rights, offices and favours, of the gods bestowing things, of a daughter given in marriage, of a feast or games, of paying what is owed and of handing a letter to a courier.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to concede a point in argument, to put or send somewhere, to expose to something, to devote oneself, to produce or cause, and to utter or relate.^(OLD 2012) Set phrases include ''manūs dare'' “to surrender” and ''vēla dare'' “to set sail”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its past participle gave the noun ''datum'' “a thing given”, whose plural gave [[en|data]] in the 1640s.^(Etymonline) Medieval Latin ''data'', from the Roman habit of ending a letter with where and when it was “given” (''datum Rōmae'' ...), gave [[en|date]] in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline) The verb survives in [[it|dare]], [[es|dar]], [[pt|dar]] and [[ro|da]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 230 BC – the perfect ''dedet'' appears in an epitaph of the Scipios.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of a slave given to someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''date'' is recorded, from the medieval ''data'' of letters.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1640s – English ''data'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|give]], make a gift of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give, [[m|en|grant]] (a right, office or favour); of the gods, to grant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give (a daughter) in marriage.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give (a feast or games).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pay (what is due), furnish (levies).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hand over, deliver; to send (a letter).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To appoint, assign.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To allow (time, opportunity); to concede (a point).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To put, place, send; to expose, consign (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To devote (oneself to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To produce, cause, bring about.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To utter; to relate, tell.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abdō]]

+ * [[addō]]

+ * [[circumdō]]

+ * [[datiō]]

+ * [[datīvus]]

+ * [[datō]]

+ * [[dator]]

+ * [[datum]]

+ * [[datus]]

+ * [[dēdō]]

+ * [[dīdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cedo]]

+ * [[dōnum]]

+ * [[dōs]]

+ * [[en|data]]

+ * [[en|date]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The present has a short ''a'' (''damus'', ''datis'', ''dare''), unlike other first-conjugation verbs, and Old Latin also had a longer form ''danunt'' for ''dant''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis & Short keep the compounds [[abdō]], [[condō]] and [[indō]] apart, since their -''dō'' “to put” is a different root.^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''dō'' is also an old shortened accusative of [[domus]] in Ennius.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}