volo Latin · revision 5464

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *welh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɔ.ɫoː], [ˈwɔ.ɫɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''volō''' (present infinitive velle, perfect active voluī, future active participle volitūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no imperative, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*welō]], from [[ine-pro|*welh₁-|t=to choose, want]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Before back vowels /el/ became /ol/ ([[m|la|volō]], [[m|la|volunt]]), while front vowels kept /e/ ([[m|la|velle]], [[m|la|velim]]).^(de Vaan 2008) The conjunction [[vel]] “or” preserves the old second person singular *wel-si “you want”, and the form [[m|la|vīs]] comes from a different root, *weiH- “to pursue”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|veltu|t=let him choose]], [[sa|वृणीते|tr=vṛṇīté|t=chooses]], [[got|𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=wiljan|t=to want]] and [[en|will]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius writes that the idle mind “does not know what it wants”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC and Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to want or wish for something, to want a person present, to wish to do something, and also to be willing or ready to do it.^(OLD 2012) Colloquial Latin used it in many formulas: ''quid vīs?'' “what do you want?”, ''numquid mē vīs?'' “is there anything else?” when taking leave, ''sī vīs'' “if you please”, and ''velim nōlim'' “whether I like it or not”.^(OLD 2012) ''Vellem'' expressed an unfulfilled wish, “I wish that ...”.^(OLD 2012) Said of an authority it meant to will or ordain, as in ''velītis iubeātis'', the opening of a proposal put to the assembly.^(OLD 2012) ''Bene velle'' meant to wish someone well, and of things it meant to require.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its negated and contracted forms are [[nōlō]] “to be unwilling” and [[mālō]] “to prefer”.^(OLD 2012) Medieval Latin ''volitiō'' gave [[en|volition]] in the 1610s, and [[voluntārius]] gave [[en|voluntary]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) The verb survives in [[it|volere]], [[ca|voler]] and Romanian ''vrea''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius says the idle mind does not know what it wants.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''voluntary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1610s – English ''volition'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|want]], [[m|en|wish]] for (something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To want (a person), ''numquid mē vīs?'', is there anything you want of me? (on taking leave).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (with infinitive) To wish to; to be [[m|en|willing]] to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To want (something to be done), ''sī vīs'', if you please.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''vellem'', would that.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of an authority) To will, ordain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''bene velle'', to wish (someone) well.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have as one's aim, be after; to mean.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mālō]]

+ * [[nōlō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[-ve]]

+ * [[vel]]

+ * [[velleitās]]

+ * [[volēns]]

+ * [[voluntās]]

+ * [[volup]]

+ * [[en|will]]

+ * [[en|voluntary]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein classes ''velle'' with [[optō|alt=optāre]] as acts of calm reason, against [[cupiō|alt=cupere]] and [[aveō|alt=avēre]], which express passion.^(Döderlein 1874) Seneca says “when I forbid you to desire, I shall let you will”.^(Döderlein 1874) ''Volō'', ''volāre'' “to fly” is a different verb of the first conjugation.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Varro tied the verb both to [[voluntās]] and to flight, saying that the mind flies in an instant wherever it will.^(Varro)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}