velum Latin · revision 5460

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *weg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈweː.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vēlum''' ''n'' (genitive vēlī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wekslo-]], as the diminutive [[vēxillum]] “banner” shows (compare [[pālus]] and [[paxillus]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan connects the root either with *weǵʰ- “to convey” (as in [[vehō]]), which suits the sense less well, or with [[ine-pro|*weg-|t=to weave]], seen in [[sga|figid|t=weaves]] and [[ang|wice|t=wick]].^(de Vaan 2008) Gaffiot separates the sense “sail”, from *vexlum, from the sense “cloth”, which he derives from *veslum and relates to [[vestis]].^(Gaffiot 2016) The OLD calls the origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has a ship reaching port “with spread sail” (''vēlō passō'').^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a sail, and ''vēla dare'' “to give the sails to the winds” meant to set sail.^(OLD 2012) It was also a sheet stretched for shade, a curtain over a doorway or a litter, and any woven cloth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In church Latin it was a wall hanging, an altar cloth or Lenten veil, and the veil a nun took.^(Niermeyer 1976) The plural ''vēla'', taken as a feminine, gave [[fr|voile]], and through Anglo-French [[en|veil]] about 1200.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Medical Latin used it for the soft palate, whence [[en|velum]] (1771) and ''velar''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has a ship arrive with spread sail.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of tents covered with linen awnings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''veil'' is recorded, for a nun's headdress.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1771 – English ''velum'' is recorded for the soft palate.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sail]], ''vēla dare'', to set sail.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An [[m|en|awning]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|curtain]] (over a door or litter).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A woven cloth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A church hanging; an altar cloth; a nun's [[m|en|veil]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vēlāris]]

+ * [[vēlārium]]

+ * [[vēlārius]]

+ * [[vēlifer]]

+ * [[vēlificātiō]]

+ * [[vēlificium]]

+ * [[vēlificō]]

+ * [[vēlificor]]

+ * [[vēlificus]]

+ * [[vēliger]]

+ * [[vēxillum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vēlābrum]]

+ * [[vēlāmen]]

+ * [[vēlāmentum]]

+ * [[vēlātiō]]

+ * [[vēlātō]]

+ * [[vēlō]]

+ * [[vehō]]

+ * [[en|veil]]

+ * [[en|velum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}