iter Latin · revision 5455

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₁éy-tr̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪ.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiː.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iter''' ''n'' (genitive itineris or iteris or iteneris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Latin also had a nominative ''itiner'' and a genitive ''iteris''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*eitor|t=way]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁éy-tr̥|t=way, journey]], genitive *h₁i-tén-s, from the root of [[eō]] “to go”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The genitive [[m|la|itineris]] combines both stems.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[hit|itar|t=way]] and [[txb|ytārye|t=road]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, who has the genitive ''iteris''.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a man promises to tell all his doings and journeys.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the act of travelling, a journey, and in military language a march, as in Caesar's ''magnīs itineribus'' “by forced marches”.^(OLD 2012) ''In itinere'' meant on the way.^(OLD 2012) It was also a way of access, a route, and a road or footpath.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was the course of an argument, as in Cicero.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for a military expedition and for the circuit of itinerant judges.^(Niermeyer 1976) The latter sense came through Old French ''eire'' to [[en|eyre]], and Late Latin [[itinerārium]] gave [[en|itinerary]] in the mid-15th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses the genitive ''iteris''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar marches into Gaul by forced marches.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''itinerary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|journey]], ''in itinere'', on the way.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|march]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A way of access.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A route.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|road]], footpath.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A military expedition; the circuit of itinerant judges.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[itinerārium]]

+ * [[itinerārius]]

+ * [[itinerātor]]

+ * [[itineror]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[eō]]

+ * [[en|itinerary]]

+ * [[en|eyre]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore distinguishes ''iter'', a way by which a person can go anywhere, from ''itiner''.^(Isidore) Döderlein contrasts ''iter'', the going of a rational being, with [[meātus]], the movement of things without will, such as rivers and stars.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}