tribus Latin · revision 5454

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *tri-dʰh₁-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtrɪ.bʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtriː.bus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tribus''' ''f'' (genitive tribūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*triþu-|t=tripartite unit]], probably [[ine-pro|*tri-dʰh₁-u-|t=a division into three]], from the root of [[trēs]] “three” and *dʰeh₁- “to put”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|trifu|t=district]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Weiss bases it on an adjective *tri-dʰh₁-o- “made in three parts”.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore explains it from the three parts into which Romulus divided the people.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus, and de Vaan cites it from Varro.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was first each of the three ancient divisions of the Roman people, the Tities, Ramnes and Luceres.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Then it was each of the local tribes in which all citizens were enrolled, four urban ones and rural ones added until there were thirty-five in 241 BC.^(OLD 2012) It was also used of tribes in other states, such as those of Athens.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was used of the twelve tribes of Israel, and in medieval Britain of a Scottish clan.^(DMLBS) [[en|tribe]] came from it in the mid-13th century, first of the Hebrew tribes.^(Etymonline) Its derivatives [[tribūnus]], [[tribuō]] and [[tribūtum]] gave [[en|tribune]] and [[en|tribute]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro describes the tribes.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''tribe'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Each of the three ancient divisions of the Roman people.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|tribe]], a voting district of Roman citizens.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A tribe (outside Rome).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A tribe of Israel.^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A lineage; a clan.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tribuārius]]

+ * [[tribūlis]]

+ * [[tribūnus]]

+ * [[tribuō]]

+ * [[tribālis]]

+ * [[tribūnal]]

+ * [[tribūnātus]]

+ * [[tribūnīcius]]

+ * [[tribūtārius]]

+ * [[tribūtim]]

+ * [[tribūtiō]]

+ * [[tribūtum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trēs]]

+ * [[en|tribe]]

+ * [[en|tribute]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Tribus'' is also the dative and ablative plural of [[trēs]] “three”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}