stirps Latin · revision 5445

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Livius Andronicus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstɪrps]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstirps]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stirps''' ''f'' (genitive stirpis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) It has been compared with [[lt|stir̃pti|t=to grow up]] and [[lt|ster̃ptis|t=to stiffen]], a possible but not compelling link, according to de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary and Köbler connect a root *sterp-, *ster- “stiff”, as in [[grc|στερεός|tr=stereós|t=solid]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(Köbler 2010) Ennius uses it of a family stock.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its concrete sense was the stem of a tree or woody plant, especially the lower part with the roots, and also the stump left after cutting and a growing plant.^(OLD 2012) From this it came to mean the stock or race from which a person springs, as in Ennius and Accius, and a person's offspring or posterity.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was the root or origin of something, and Sallust says Carthage perished ''ab stirpe'', utterly.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Archaic Latin also treated it as masculine.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it could be land being cleared for tillage.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[exstirpō]] “to root out” gave [[en|extirpate]] in the 1530s, and the noun itself gave [[en|stirp]] “lineage” about 1500.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a family stock.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''stirp'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1530s – English ''extirpate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|stem]] (of a tree), with the roots.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|stump]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A woody plant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Family, [[m|en|stock]], race.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Offspring, posterity.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) The root, origin.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Land under clearing.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exstirpō]]

+ * [[stirpitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|extirpate]]

+ * [[en|stirp]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein groups ''stirps'' with [[genus]] and [[gēns]] for a race traced upwards to its ancestors, against [[prōgeniēs]] and [[prōlēs]], descendants.^(Döderlein 1874) Isidore says it is called so from the long line of a family.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}