viginti Latin · revision 5440

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *dwi-dḱm̥t-ih₁}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [wiːˈɡɪn.tiː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [viˈd͡ʒin.ti]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vīgintī''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wīkentī]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dwi-dḱm̥t-ih₁|t=two tens]], an old dual.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The voiced /g/ is unexpected, and Kortlandt explains it from voicing after a nasal in the words for seventy and ninety, spread to the other tens.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|εἴκοσι|tr=eíkosi|t=twenty]], Doric [[grc|ϝίκατι|tr=wíkati]], [[sa|विंशति|tr=viṃśatí|t=twenty]], [[ae|𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌|tr=vīsaiti|t=twenty]] and [[sga|fiche|t=twenty]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus speaks of “twenty minae of silver”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables to about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the indeclinable number twenty, written XX.^(Gaffiot 2016) Its ordinal is [[vīcēsimus]] and its distributive [[vīcēnī]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Britain it also stood for a score in counting by twenties.^(DMLBS) It survives in [[it|venti]], [[fr|vingt]], [[es|veinte]] and [[pt|vinte]], and English borrowed Italian ''venti''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – it is used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of twenty minae.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|Twenty]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|score]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[centum]]

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[duo]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}