verus Latin · revision 5437

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *weh₁ros}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈweː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vērus''' (feminine vēra, neuter vērum, comparative vērior, superlative vērissimus, adverb vērē or vērō); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wēros]], [[inh|ine-pro|*weh₁-ro-|t=true]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|fír|t=true]], [[cy|gwir|t=true]], [[goh|wār|t=true]] and [[cu|вѣра|tr=věra|t=faith]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Isidore derived [[vērātrum]] “hellebore” from it, as the plant restores sanity, but de Vaan finds the connection uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has a character threaten to show the “false Philocrates” to be the true Tyndarus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant real as opposed to counterfeit or to an image, seen as it really is, deserving its name, properly so called, and true to the facts.^(OLD 2012) The neuter [[vērum]] was the truth.^(OLD 2012) The adverbs [[vērē]] and [[vērō]] “truly, indeed” are formed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval legal Latin it was used of a genuine charter, and ''vēra inquīsītiō'' was an inquest to establish facts.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its derivative [[vēritās]] gave [[en|verity]] in the late 14th century, and [[vērāx]] “truthful”, through Vulgar Latin, gave [[en|very]], first meaning “true”.^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|vero]] and Romanian ''adevăr'' “truth”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus contrasts a false Philocrates with the true Tyndarus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''very'' is recorded, meaning “true”.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''verity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Real, [[m|en|genuine]] (not counterfeit).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Real, actual (not an image).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Properly so called, [[m|en|true]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # True to fact.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (neuter as noun) The truth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' (of a charter) Genuine.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[advērō]]

+ * [[vērāx]]

+ * [[vērē]]

+ * [[vēridicus]]

+ * [[vērificō]]

+ * [[vērisimilis]]

+ * [[vēritās]]

+ * [[vēriverbium]]

+ * [[vērō]]

+ * [[vērum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vērācitās]]

+ * [[vērāciter]]

+ * [[vērificātiō]]

+ * [[vērisimiliter]]

+ * [[vērīsimilitūdō]]

+ * [[vērumtamen]]

+ * [[sevērus]]

+ * [[en|very]]

+ * [[en|verity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}