sacerdos Latin · revision 5435

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=itc-pro *sakro-dōt-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [saˈkɛr.doːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [saˈt͡ʃɛr.dos]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sacerdōs''' ''m'' or f (genitive sacerdōtis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*sakro-dōt-|t=who has sacred endowments]], a compound of [[sacer]] “sacred” and [[dōs]] “gift, dowry”, from [[ine-pro|*-deh₃-t-|t=gift]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Older works, followed by the OLD, derive the second part from *dʰoh₁-t- “who performs the sacrifice”, but de Vaan rejects this on grounds of form.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Isidore explains it as “giving what is sacred”.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus and the decree on the Bacchanalia.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus speaks of Theotimus, priest of Diana of Ephesus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a priest, or as a feminine a priestess, usually of a named god or temple, as the priestesses of Ceres in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Horace calls himself ''Mūsārum sacerdōs'' “priest of the Muses”, and Ulpian calls the jurists priests of justice.^(OLD 2012) It was also a Roman cognomen, as in the gens Licinia.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Christian Latin it meant a bishop or priest, then specifically a bishop, and later a priest who was not a bishop.^(Niermeyer 1976) It was borrowed into Old English as ''sācerd''.^(Köbler 2010) [[sacerdōtālis]] gave [[en|sacerdotal]] about 1400.^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|sacerdote]] and [[es|sacerdote]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of a priest of Diana.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 186 BC – the decree on the Bacchanalia uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace calls himself priest of the Muses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''sacerdotal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|priest]], priestess.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (figurative) A priest (of the Muses, of justice).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A bishop or priest.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[archisacerdos]]

+ * [[cōnsacerdōs]]

+ * [[sacerdōtālis]]

+ * [[sacerdōtium]]

+ * [[sacerdōtula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dō]]

+ * [[sacer]]

+ * [[dōs]]

+ * [[en|sacerdotal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}