sapio Latin · revision 5434

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *seh₁p-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsa.pi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsaː.pi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sapiō''' (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī or sapiī or sapuī); third (-iō variant) conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*sap-i-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*sh₁p-i-|t=to notice]], which de Vaan takes as an athematic ''i''-present.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|sipus|t=knowing]], [[goh|antseffen|t=to perceive]] and [[ang|sefa|t=mind]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The laryngeal *h₁ rests on the Sabellic ''ē'' in *sēp-, which may be analogical.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato says that oil will taste bad, ''male sapiet''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its concrete sense was to have a taste or smell of something, as of oil or perfumes, and figuratively to smack of a quality.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it meant to have taste or discernment, to be wise or sensible, as in Ennius' “the wise man who cannot help himself is wise in vain”, and in medicine to be in one's right mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its participle [[sapiēns]] “wise” and the noun [[sapientia]] “wisdom” come from it, ''sapiēns'' gave [[en|sapient]].^(Etymonline) In Vulgar Latin it came to mean “to know”, as in [[it|sapere]], [[fr|savoir]] and [[es|saber]], and French ''savant'' gave [[en|savant]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato says oil will taste bad.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius says the wise man who cannot help himself is wise in vain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English ''sapient'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To have a taste (of); to smell (of).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To smack (of a quality).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have taste or discernment.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be wise, sensible.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To be in one's right mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assipio]]

+ * [[cōnsipiō]]

+ * [[deseps]]

+ * [[dēsipiō]]

+ * [[īnsipiēns]]

+ * [[insipiō]]

+ * [[nesapius]]

+ * [[persapiēns]]

+ * [[praesipiō]]

+ * [[resipiō]]

+ * [[sapidus]]

+ * [[sapientia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sībus]]

+ * [[sapiēns]]

+ * [[en|sapient]]

+ * [[en|savant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}