evolution English · revision 5413

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1622|origins=la ēvolvere}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/, /ˌev.əˈluː.ʃən/, US /ˌev.əˈluː.ʃən/, /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|ēvolūtiō|t=unrolling of a book]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002) from [[m|la|ēvolvere|t=to unroll]], from [[m|la|ē-|t=out]] and [[m|la|volvere|t=to roll]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) It is related to [[evolve]] and [[revolution]].^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The opening of what was rolled up: the 1620s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) SOED's first sense, of the early 17th century, is a movement of troops or ships to change their formation.^(SOED 2002)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used in medicine, mathematics and general writing in various senses,^(Etymonline) including the extraction of roots in algebra (1706)^(OED 1989) and the growth to maturity of an individual living thing (1660s).^(Etymonline) The working out in detail of something implicit is from 1677.^(OED 1989) The modern biological use, of species, is first attested in 1832 in the works of the geologist Charles Lyell.^(Etymonline) Darwin used the word in print only once, at the end of The Origin of Species (1859), and preferred ''descent with modification'', partly because evolution had been used for the discarded 18th-century homunculus theory of embryos and partly because it suggested progress.^(Etymonline) Herbert Spencer and other biologists after Darwin made the word popular.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1620s – an unrolling.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1660s – growth of an individual.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1706 – extraction of roots.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1832 – of species, in Lyell.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1859 – once in Darwin's Origin of Species.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(biology)'' The gradual change in living things over many generations, by which new [[species]] develop from earlier ones.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A gradual development, especially into a more complex form.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A movement of troops, ships or dancers that is part of a set pattern.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # The giving off of gas, heat or light.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[evolutional]]

+ * [[evolutionarily]]

+ * [[evolutionary]]

+ * [[evolutionism]]

+ * [[evolutionist]]

+ * [[evolutionally]]

+ * [[coevolution]]

+ * [[macroevolution]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[evolute]]

+ * [[evolutive]]

+ * [[evolve]]

+ * [[revolution]]

+ * [[volume]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}