cupio Latin · revision 5350

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʊ.pi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkuː.pi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cupiō''' (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is doubtful.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kup-i-]], from [[ine-pro|*kup-(e)i-|t=to tremble, desire]], and compares [[xum|cupra-]], an epithet of a goddess, and [[sbv|ciprus|t=good]], cited by Varro.^(de Vaan 2008) The LIV, as reported by Wiktionary, derives it from *kwep- “to smoke, boil, move violently”, with a parallel in [[sa|कुप्यति|tr=kúpyati|t=is angry]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to wish for or desire something, to long for someone as a lover, and with a dative to be well disposed to someone, as in ''alicuius causā cupere'' “to have someone's interests at heart”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts [[volō]] and [[optō]], acts of calm reason, with ''cupere'', [[aveō]] and ''gestīre'', acts of passion.^(Döderlein 1874) Its derivatives include [[cupīdō]] “desire”, the name of the god Cupid, [[cupidus]] “eager” and [[cupiditās]] “greed”, the source of [[en|cupidity]].^(Etymonline) Through Vulgar Latin *cupiditāre it led to Old French ''coveitier'' and [[en|covet]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus says the citizens would not want a kingdom.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''covet'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''cupidity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|desire]], wish for, want.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To long for (as a lover).^(OLD 2012)

+ # (with dative) To be well disposed to, favour.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concupiō]]

+ * [[cupīdō]]

+ * [[cupidus]]

+ * [[cupīscō]]

+ * [[cupītor]]

+ * [[discupiō]]

+ * [[percupiō]]

+ * [[concupiscō]]

+ * [[cupiditās]]

+ * [[cupiēns]]

+ * [[cupiēnter]]

+ * [[cuppēdia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|cupidity]]

+ * [[en|covet]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}