densus Latin · revision 5349

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdẽː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛn.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēnsus''' (feminine dēnsa, neuter dēnsum, comparative dēnsior, superlative dēnsissimus, adverb dēnsē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Etymonline) De Vaan tentatively reconstructs [[itc-pro|*d(e)nso-]], from [[ine-pro|*d(ē̆)ns-o-|t=thick]], and compares [[grc|δασύς|tr=dasús|t=hairy, thick]], with a different stem formation.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Kloekhorst's link with [[hit|daššu-|t=strong]] is semantically difficult.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Ennius speaks of an eagle flying with dense wings.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant thick, dense or compact, as of feathers, woods or clouds, and then crowded or closely packed, as of soldiers in ranks.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant frequent or repeated, as of blows, and of writers and style terse or concise, as Quintilian says of Thucydides.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts [[angustus]] and ''artus'', which refer to narrow space, with ''dēnsus'' and [[spissus]], which refer to things packed close together.^(Döderlein 1874) [[en|dense]] is from it, and [[condēnsō]] gave [[en|condense]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of an eagle's dense wings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato speaks of balls packed close together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar speaks of thicker woods.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''dense'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Thick, [[m|en|dense]], compact.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Crowded, closely packed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Frequent, repeated.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of style) Terse, [[m|en|concise]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[condēnsus]]

+ * [[dēnseō]]

+ * [[dēnsitās]]

+ * [[dēnsō]]

+ * [[perdensus]]

+ * [[praedensus]]

+ * [[dēnsē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|dense]]

+ * [[en|condense]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}