dives Latin · revision 5346

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *deywós}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdiː.wɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdiː.ves]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dīves''' (genitive dīvitis, comparative dīvitior, superlative dīvitissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan takes it as derived from [[m|la|dīvus|t=god]], as *deiw-(o/e)t- “who is like or protected by the gods”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The TLL calls the origin uncertain unless it comes from ''dīvus'' or [[deus]], comparing [[cu|богатъ|tr=bogatŭ|t=rich]] from [[cu|богъ|tr=bogŭ|t=god]].^(TLL) The OLD compares [[grc|εὐδαίμων|tr=eudaímōn|t=happy, wealthy]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who speaks of a rich merchant.^(OLD 2012) Terence has the contracted form ''dīs''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant rich or wealthy, of people, of lands rich in wealth or produce, and with a genitive or ablative rich in something, as in Virgil's ''dīves pecoris'' “rich in flocks”.^(OLD 2012) It was used of rich qualities and of precious or sumptuous things.^(OLD 2012) Cicero calls Crassus ''dīves'' both by his cognomen and by his wealth.^(Gaffiot 2016) The older inflection was ''dīves'', ''dītis'', and the contracted ''dīs'' and ''dītior'' were common.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts [[dīvitiae]], wealth in general, with [[ops|alt=opēs]], wealth as a means of power.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of a rich merchant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses the contracted ''dīs''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero calls Crassus rich.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has ''dīves pecoris''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|rich]], wealthy.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of land) Rich, fertile.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rich (in), abounding (in).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Precious, sumptuous.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A rich man.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[deus]]

+ * [[dīvus]]

+ * [[dīvitiae]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}