filius Latin · revision 5342

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *dʰeh₁(y)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfiː.li.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiː.li.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fīlius''' ''m'' (genitive fīliī or fīlī, feminine fīlia); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fīlio/ā-|t=son, daughter]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dʰ(e)h₁i-l-|t=suckling, child]], from the root *dʰeh₁(y)- “to suck”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xve|filia|t=daughter]], [[xfa|fileo|t=son]] and [[grc|θηλή|tr=thēlḗ|t=teat]], and related to [[fēlīx]], [[fēmina]] and [[fēlō]] “to suck”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Isidore derives it from [[familia]].^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables and Livius Andronicus, who has the vocative ''fīlie''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a son, in the plural children including daughters, and as an affectionate address to a younger man.^(OLD 2012) Phrases include ''fīlius familiās'', a son still under his father's power, and ''terrae fīlius'' “son of the earth”, a nobody.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010) In Christian Latin ''Fīlius'' was the Son, the second person of the Trinity.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it was used in patronymics and surnames and to mean “junior”.^(DMLBS) Anglo-Norman ''fitz'' from it gave the English name prefix ''Fitz-''.^(Wiktionary) Late Latin ''fīliālis'' gave [[en|filial]], and ''affīliāre'' “to adopt as a son” gave [[en|affiliate]].^(Etymonline) The DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈɸili-u/, continued in every Romance language, as in [[it|figlio]] and [[fr|fils]].^(DÉRom)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus has the vocative ''fīlie''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence speaks of giving a son a wife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''filial'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|son]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) Children, descendants.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (as an address) My son, my boy.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''fīlius familiās'', a son under his father's power.^(Köbler 2010)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The Son (of God).^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fīlia]]

+ * [[fīliaster]]

+ * [[fīliastra]]

+ * [[filietas]]

+ * [[fīliolus]]

+ * [[prōfīlius]]

+ * [[fīliālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fēcundus]]

+ * [[fēlīx]]

+ * [[fēmina]]

+ * [[fēnus]]

+ * [[fētus]]

+ * [[en|filial]]

+ * [[en|affiliate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}