flos Latin · revision 5340

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *bʰleh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɫoːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈflɔs]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flōs''' ''m'' (genitive flōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*flōs|t=flower]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰleh₃-ōs|t=blossoming]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|fluusaí|t=to Flora]], [[sga|bláth|t=flower]] and [[en|bloom]] and [[en|blossom]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The goddess [[Flōra]] was named from it, and her cult was known among the Oscans too.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus speaks of the bouquet of an old wine.^(OLD 2012) Köbler places Livius Andronicus before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a flower or blossom, and the flowering of a plant.^(OLD 2012) It also meant brightness, a scum or deposit on a surface, a fine powder, as in ''flōs salis'', and the bouquet of wine.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was the best part or prime of something, ''flōs aetātis'' “the bloom of youth”, youthful beauty, and the flower or pick of a group, as in Ennius' ''flōs dēlībātus populī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it meant fine flour, as already in Pliny, and the plural meant an anthology.^(Niermeyer 1976) Old French ''flor'' gave [[en|flower]] about 1200, and its spelling ''flour'' became the word for the finest part of meal.^(Etymonline) [[flōreō]] gave [[en|flourish]], and [[flōridus]] gave [[en|florid]].^(Etymonline) The DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈɸlor-e/, as in [[it|fiore]] and [[fr|fleur]].^(DÉRom)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of the bouquet of old wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the flowers of Henna.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''flower'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|flower]], blossom.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Flowering, bloom.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Brightness, lustre.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A deposit, scum; a fine powder.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The [[m|en|bouquet]] (of wine).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The prime, best part, ''flōs aetātis'', the bloom of youth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Fine [[m|en|flour]], (plural) an anthology.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēflōrō]]

+ * [[Flōrālis]]

+ * [[flōreō]]

+ * [[flōrētum]]

+ * [[flōreus]]

+ * [[flōricomus]]

+ * [[flōrifer]]

+ * [[flōrifertum]]

+ * [[flōrigenus]]

+ * [[flōriger]]

+ * [[flōrilegus]]

+ * [[flōriparus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Flōra]]

+ * [[flōrālia]]

+ * [[flōrēns]]

+ * [[flōrenter]]

+ * [[flōrēscō]]

+ * [[Flōrida]]

+ * [[flōridē]]

+ * [[flōridulus]]

+ * [[flōridus]]

+ * [[flōritiō]]

+ * [[en|flower]]

+ * [[en|flourish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}