aperio Latin · revision 5326

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂wer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈpɛ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈpɛː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aperiō''' (present infinitive aperīre, perfect active aperuī, supine apertum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ap-wer-je-|t=to open]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂epó|t=off]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂wer-|t=to cover]], so “to uncover”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The *w after the labial was lost, as in [[oportet]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|अपवृणोति|tr=apavṛṇoti|t=uncovers]] and [[lt|atvérti|t=to open]], and related to [[osc|veru|t=door]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[operiō]] “to cover” is the same verb with [[m|la|ob-]].^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to open a door or gate, including opening the gates of a town in surrender, to open a building or container, to open up ground, dig ditches and lay foundations, and to clear a road or path.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to cut or break open, and to open one's eyes or mouth.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to uncover or reveal, to explain, and to open the way for something.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Döderlein says that ''aperīre'' is opening something covered from above, such as pits and springs, while [[patefaciō]] is opening something closed at the side.^(Döderlein 1874) Its derivatives include [[apertūra]], the source of [[en|aperture]].^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|aprire]], [[fr|ouvrir]] and [[es|abrir]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has the old future ''aperībō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of opening the gates of a town to someone.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''aperture'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|open]] (a door, gate, building, container).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To open up (ground); to dig (a ditch).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To clear (a road or path).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cut open, pierce.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To open (the eyes, the mouth).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To uncover, reveal; to explain.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adaperiō]]

+ * [[apertibilis]]

+ * [[apertiō]]

+ * [[apertīvus]]

+ * [[apertō]]

+ * [[apertor]]

+ * [[apertum]]

+ * [[apertūra]]

+ * [[aprīcus]]

+ * [[exaperiō]]

+ * [[inapertus]]

+ * [[sēmiapertus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[operiō]]

+ * [[en|aperture]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}