cavus Latin · revision 5317

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=itc-pro *kawo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cavus''' (feminine cava, neuter cavum, comparative cavior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kawo-]], from *kowó-, which de Vaan derives from [[ine-pro|*ḱouH-ó-|t=hollow]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|cúa|t=hollow]], [[br|keo|t=cave]] and [[grc|κόοι|tr=kóoi|t=hollows]], and further with [[grc|κοῖλος|tr=koîlos|t=hollow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) If it belongs with words for swelling, such as [[grc|κύαρ|tr=kúar|t=hole]], the root is *ḱuH- “to swell”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius, who speaks of a hollow cave.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler gives Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant hollow or concave, as of a sling or the palm of the hand, hollowed out like a valley, hollow inside, as of a tree or a drum, and full of caves, as of mountains.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The masculine and neuter were used as nouns for a hole or cavity.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[cavō]] “to hollow out”, [[caverna]] and [[cavea]], and the neuter plural of ''cavea'' gave Old French and [[en|cave]].^(Etymonline) Late Latin [[cavitās]] gave [[en|cavity]].^(Etymonline) It survives in [[it|cavo]] and [[pt|cova|t=pit]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of a hollow cave.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius speaks of hollow mountains.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses the noun ''cavus'' “hole”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''cave'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|hollow]], concave.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hollowed out (into a valley).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hollow inside.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Full of caves.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''cavus'', ''cavum'', a hole, [[m|en|cavity]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cavaedium]]

+ * [[cavāticus]]

+ * [[cavea]]

+ * [[caverna]]

+ * [[cavitās]]

+ * [[cavō]]

+ * [[concavus]]

+ * [[recavus]]

+ * [[succavus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cavāmen]]

+ * [[cavātiō]]

+ * [[cavātor]]

+ * [[cavātūra]]

+ * [[cavātus]]

+ * [[caveālis]]

+ * [[caveātus]]

+ * [[caveola]]

+ * [[cavernātim]]

+ * [[cavernō]]

+ * [[en|cave]]

+ * [[en|cavity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}