mood English · revision 5296

+ Mood, a state of mind, and mood in grammar are different words: the first is native English, the second an alteration of [[mode]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Trench 1859)

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /muːd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ {{homograph|1|feeling}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=a. 900|origins=gem-pro *mōdą}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|mood|alt=mod, mood]], [[inh|ang|mōd|t=mind, heart, spirit; courage, pride]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[gem-pro|*mōdą|alt=*mōda-]],^(Etymonline) the source also of Dutch moed and German Mut “courage”, Old Norse móðr “anger” and Gothic mōþs “courage, anger”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) Its further origin is unknown, and Boutkan finds no acceptable Indo-European etymology,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) though Barnhart and MWU relate it to Latin mōs “custom”.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Mind, heart, thought, feeling: before 900 in the OED, a sense now obsolete.^(OED 1989) Barnhart has Old English mōd in Beowulf about 725.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a much stronger word in Old English than now, used in compounds such as modcræftig “intelligent” and modful “proud”.^(Etymonline) Anger is from about 1175, and fierce courage or pride from about 1205; both are obsolete.^(OED 1989) A frame of mind or state of feeling is from 971 in the OED, about 1300 in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) ''In the mood'' is from the 1580s,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) a fit of bad temper by 1859,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and ''mood music'' and similar uses from 1898.^(OED 1989) ''Mood swings'' is by 1939.^(Etymonline) Trench noted that the grammatical mood seems to have influenced this word.^(Trench 1859)^(Etymonline) ''Moody'' first meant brave or proud.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 900 – mind, heart.^(OED 1989)

+ * 971 – a frame of mind.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1175 – anger.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1580s – ''in the mood''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1859 – a fit of temper.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1939 – ''mood swings''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A temporary state of mind or feeling: ''in a good mood''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A period of bad temper or sulking.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The general feeling or [[atmosphere]] of a place, event or work of art.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(in the mood)'' A wish to do something.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ {{homograph|2|grammar}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1569|origins=la modus}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an alteration of [[mode]] under the influence of mood “feeling”,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Middle English mode, [[bor|fro|mode]] and directly from Latin [[m|la|modus|t=manner]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In grammar, a form of a verb showing whether the action is a fact, a command and so on: 1569 in MWU, 1573 in Barnhart, the 1570s in Etymonline.^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Middle English mode had this sense from about 1450.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In traditional logic it is from the 1560s, and in music from the 1590s.^(Etymonline) Etymonline notes that the two moods have no etymological relationship, although the grammatical and musical uses influenced phrases such as ''light-hearted mood''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1560s – in logic.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1569 – in grammar.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1590s – in music.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(grammar)'' A set of verb forms showing the speaker's attitude to an action, such as the indicative, imperative and [[subjunctive]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(logic)'' A form of syllogism.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[modal]]

+ * [[mode]]

+ * [[moderate]]

+ * [[model]]

+ * [[module]]

+ * [[modern]]

+ * [[moody]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}