exemplum Latin · revision 5289

16 Oct 2026, 02:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la emō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈsɛm.pɫũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡˈzɛm.plum]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''exemplum''' ''n'' (genitive exemplī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[eximō]] “to take out”, as if *ex-em-lom, “something taken out” as a sample.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The ⟨p⟩ arose between ⟨m⟩ and ⟨l⟩, as perhaps in [[amplus]].^(Wiktionary) Leumann thinks the voiceless ⟨p⟩ unusual and suggests the influence of the participle ⟨exēmptus⟩.^(Wiktionary) The verb ''eximō'' is [[af|la|ex-|emō|t2=to take, buy]], and ''emō'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*eme/o-|t=to take]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁em-e/o-|t=to take]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus uses it of a warning example: “I'll make an example of you”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its basic sense was a sample or specimen, as of grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this it meant a typical example or instance (''exemplī causā'' “for example”), a warning example or deterrent, a parallel, a precedent, and a pattern for imitation or model.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a copy or transcript, as of a letter, a portrait or image, and in phrases a manner or style.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In medieval Latin it was a parable, fable or proverb, and a picture.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in [[it|esempio]] and [[es|ejemplo]].^(Wiktionary) Old French ''essemple'' gave [[en|example]] (re-Latinised in the late 14th century) and, shortened, [[en|sample]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a warning example and of a pattern.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence asks that a precedent be set in him.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a copy of a letter.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''sample'' is recorded, from Old French ''essample''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|sample]], specimen.^(OLD 2012)
+ # An [[m|en|example]], instance, ''exemplī causā'', for example.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A warning example, deterrent.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A parallel; a [[m|en|precedent]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A pattern, model for imitation.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A copy, transcript.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A parable, fable; a picture.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[exemplāris]]
+ * [[exemplārium]]
+ * [[exemplatus]]
+ * [[exemplō]]
+ * [[exemplar]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[eximō]]
+ * [[emō]]
+ * [[en|example]]
+ * [[en|sample]]
+ * [[en|exemplary]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}