capio Latin · revision 5262

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Old Latin inscription (Forum)|origins=itc-pro *kap-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.pi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.pi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''capiō''' (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kap-i-|t=to seize]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces this to [[ine-pro|*kh₂p-i-]], but allows that the root may be non-Indo-European *kap-.^(de Vaan 2008) The LIV, as reported by Wiktionary, reconstructs a present *kapyéti, while Schrijver and de Vaan prefer an old athematic ''i''-present.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|κάπτω|tr=káptō|t=to gulp down]], [[grc|κώπη|tr=kṓpē|t=handle, grip]], [[got|𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=hafjan|t=to lift]] and [[ang|hebban]] ([[en|heave]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is ''kapia(d)'' on the Old Latin Forum inscription.^(de Vaan 2008) In literature it is common from Plautus, who has the old future ''capsō''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The basic sense was to grasp with the hand.^(OLD 2012) From it came the senses of taking food, putting on clothing, arresting a person, catching game and capturing towns and spoils.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to occupy a position, to receive or get money and property, to choose or elect, to hold or contain, and to take in with the mind, to understand.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The passive could mean to be captivated or disabled.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts it with [[sūmō]], taking something up in order to use it, while ''capere'' is laying hold of something in order to possess it.^(Döderlein 1874) The compounds have ''-cipiō'', as in [[accipiō]] and [[recipiō]], and the participle ''captus'' is the source of [[captīvus]] and [[captūra]], whence [[en|capture]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) [[capāx]] “roomy, able to hold” gave [[en|capacity]] and, through Late Latin ''capābilis'', [[en|capable]].^(Etymonline) The verb lives on in [[it|capire|t=to understand]] and [[es|caber|t=to fit]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century BC – ''kapia(d)'' on the Forum inscription.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables order a defendant to be seized (''capito'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of taking things in the hand and capturing men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of capturing towns.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''capture'' is borrowed from French, ultimately from ''captūra''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take into the hand, take hold of; to take up (arms).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To put on (clothing, armour); to take (food or drink).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|seize]], arrest (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To catch (game or fish); to gather (crops).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|capture]] (men, towns, booty) in war.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To occupy, take up (a position).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To get, receive (money, property); to choose or elect.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To hold, contain.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To take in with the mind, understand.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|captivate]], charm.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accipiō]]

+ * [[antecapiō]]

+ * [[anticipō]]

+ * [[capābilis]]

+ * [[capāx]]

+ * [[capessō]]

+ * [[captiō]]

+ * [[captīvus]]

+ * [[captor]]

+ * [[captrīx]]

+ * [[captūra]]

+ * [[captus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|capture]]

+ * [[en|capable]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare noun ''capiō'' (genitive ''capiōnis'') “a taking” was used by the jurists, chiefly in ''ūsūcapiō'', acquiring ownership by long possession.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}