fero Latin · revision 5259

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Old Latin inscription (Praeneste)|origins=ine-pro *bʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɛː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ferō''' (present infinitive ferre, perfect active tulī or tetulī, supine lātum); third conjugation, suppletive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fere/o-|t=to carry]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰer-e/o-|t=to carry]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|fertu|t=let him carry]], [[grc|φέρω|tr=phérō|t=to carry]], [[sa|भरति|tr=bhárati|t=carries]], [[sga|biru|t=I carry]], [[got|𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽|tr=bairan|t=to carry]] and [[ang|beran]] ([[en|bear]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The perfect [[m|la|tulī]] (older [[m|la|tetulī]]) and the participle [[m|la|lātus]] (from *tlātos) belong to another root, [[ine-pro|*tl̥h₂-|t=to lift]], the root of [[tollō]], so the verb is suppletive.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is ''fero'' on an Old Latin inscription from Praeneste.^(de Vaan 2008) In literature it is common from Plautus, who also has the old perfect ''tetulī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The main sense was to carry or convey people and things, and forces such as wind, waves and passions were said to carry someone along.^(OLD 2012) With a reflexive, ''sē ferre'' was to make one's way, and ''pedem ferre'' to step.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to bear or endure, to bring forth fruit, to win a prize, to propose a law (''lēgem ferre'') or cast a vote, and to report or say, as in ''ferunt'' “they say”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''ferre'', carrying something from place to place, from [[portō]] and ''bāiulāre'', carrying a load, and contrasts the objective ''ferre'' with ''tolerāre'' and ''patī'', which refer to the mind of the sufferer.^(Döderlein 1874) Its many compounds include [[afferō]], [[cōnferō]], [[differō]] and [[offerō]], and its derivative [[fertilis]] “fruitful” is the source of [[en|fertile]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Old Latin – ''fero'' on an inscription from Praeneste.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of carrying people and has ''tetulī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses ''sē ferre'' of a horse making its way across the plain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''fertile'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|carry]], convey, bring.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of forces, feelings) To carry along, lead.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''sē ferre'', to make one's way, ''pedem ferre'', to step.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bear, [[m|en|endure]], tolerate.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To bring forth, produce (fruit).^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To win, carry off (a prize).^(Wiktionary)

+ # To propose (a law); to cast (a vote).^(Wiktionary)

+ # To report, say, ''ferunt'', they say.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[afferō]]

+ * [[anteferō]]

+ * [[auferō]]

+ * [[circumferō]]

+ * [[cōnferō]]

+ * [[dēferō]]

+ * [[differō]]

+ * [[efferō]]

+ * [[ferāx]]

+ * [[ferculum]]

+ * [[feretrum]]

+ * [[fertilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forceps]]

+ * [[forda]]

+ * [[fors]]

+ * [[fūr]]

+ * [[tollō]]

+ * [[en|bear]]

+ * [[en|fertile]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}