iacio Latin · revision 5255

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=itc-pro *jak-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈja.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjaː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iaciō''' (present infinitive iacere, perfect active iēcī, supine iactum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*jak-i-|t=to throw]], which de Vaan and Schrijver trace to a present [[ine-pro|*(H)ih₁-k-(i-)]] of the root *(H)ieh₁- “to throw, let go”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Leppänen instead suggests an old aorist *(H)yéh₁kt, to which ''iaciō'' was a new present.^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|ἵημι|tr=híēmi|t=to send, throw]] and [[hit|peye-|t=to send]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[iaceō]] “to lie” is its stative counterpart, originally “to be thrown down”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables,^(de Vaan 2008) which order that a man who tries to escape be seized with the hand (''manum endō iacitō'').^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to throw or hurl, to fling the limbs, to throw something down, to sow seed, to cast dice or anchor, and to throw away or jettison.^(OLD 2012) It was used of giving off light or casting a shadow, of piling up earthworks and laying foundations, and of hurling charges and insults or throwing out remarks.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The compounds have ''-iciō'', as in [[dēiciō]], [[obiciō]] and [[coniciō]], and its frequentative is [[iactō]].^(de Vaan 2008) ''Iniciō'' is the source of [[en|inject]], and Late Latin ''iectāre'', for ''iactāre'', gave French ''jeter'' and [[en|jet]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – the Twelve Tables use ''manum endō iacitō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of throwing dice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius has “throw the light thyrsi!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses ''ancorīs iactīs'' “with anchors cast”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''inject'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|throw]], cast, hurl.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To throw down; to sow (seed); to cast (dice, an anchor).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To throw away, [[m|en|jettison]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To give off (light); to cast (a shadow).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To throw up (a mound); to lay (foundations).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hurl (a charge or insult); to throw out (a remark).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abiciō]]

+ * [[amiciō]]

+ * [[circumiciō]]

+ * [[coniciō]]

+ * [[dēiciō]]

+ * [[disiciō]]

+ * [[iactō]]

+ * [[iactūra]]

+ * [[iactus]]

+ * [[iaculus]]

+ * [[intericiō]]

+ * [[obiciō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iaceō]]

+ * [[en|inject]]

+ * [[en|jet]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}