parvus Latin · revision 5254

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₂u-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpar.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpar.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''parvus''' (feminine parva, neuter parvum, comparative minor or parvior, superlative minimus or parvissimus or minerrimus or minimissimus, adverb parvē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pauro-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*peh₂u-ro-]] (or *ph₂eu-ro-).^(de Vaan 2008) The ⟨-rv-⟩ is from a regular change of *-wr- to *-rw-, as in [[nervus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Cognate with [[grc|παῦρος|tr=paûros|t=little, few]], [[got|𐍆𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹|tr=fawai|t=few]] and [[ang|fēa]] ([[en|few]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The same stem with other suffixes is found in [[paucus]] and [[pauper]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of a pot too small to hold something.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant small in size, amount or degree, short in time, and young, as in ''ā parvīs'' “from childhood”.^(OLD 2012) It also meant of little value, as in ''parvī pendere'' “to think little of”, unimportant, and, with ''animus'', petty.^(OLD 2012) The comparison used [[minor]] and [[minimus]], from another root, though Varro and Lucretius have ''parvissimus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''parvus'', natural smallness, the opposite of [[magnus]], from [[minūtus]], smallness that results from reduction.^(Döderlein 1874) In medieval Latin the plural ''parvī'' could mean “few”.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in [[it|parvo]], [[es|parvo]] and [[pt|parvo]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a small pot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the superlative ''parvissimus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of how small the earth is.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|small]], little (in size or extent).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Young, ''ā parvīs'', from childhood.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Small in amount or degree; short (in time).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of little value, ''parvī pendere'', to think little of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unimportant, insignificant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (with ''animus'') Petty, [[m|en|mean]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' (plural) Few.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parvē]]

+ * [[parvibibulus]]

+ * [[parvicollis]]

+ * [[parvifaciō]]

+ * [[parvior]]

+ * [[parvipendō]]

+ * [[parvitās]]

+ * [[paruulum]]

+ * [[parvulus]]

+ * [[parvum]]

+ * [[perparvulus]]

+ * [[perparvus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paucus]]

+ * [[pauper]]

+ * [[en|few]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}