censeo Latin · revision 5234

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=itc-pro *knsē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkẽː.se.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛn.se.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cēnseō''' (present infinitive cēnsēre, perfect active cēnsuī, supine cēnsum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*knsē-|t=to estimate]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*ḱn̥s-eh₁-]] or *ḱn̥s-eie-, from the root *ḱens- “to announce”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) García-Ramón explains the second conjugation either from a transitive present “estimates” or from a stative “to be estimated”.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary calls the etymology disputed, and the OLD and Lewis and Short call it doubtful.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[osc|censaum|t=to take the census]] and [[osc|keenzstur|t=censor]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Faliscan [[m|xfa|censor]] may be a loan from Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it in his epic for holding the opinion that the Carthaginian would come to meet them.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its senses were to hold or give an opinion, to suppose, and to recommend a course of action, ''cēnseō'' alone was a reply meaning “I think so”.^(OLD 2012) In the senate it was the word for a senator stating his view, asked with ''quid cēnsēs?'', and for the senate's own decree, which was advisory but in practice binding.^(OLD 2012) In the census it meant to register citizens and assess their property, which is the duty of the [[cēnsor]] and the sense behind [[cēnsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Döderlein groups it with [[iūdicō]], [[arbitror]] and [[aestimō]], all words for judging, ''cēnsēre'' implies the authority of a censor or a senator giving his vote.^(Döderlein 1874) From ''cēnsus'' and ''cēnsor'' come [[en|census]] and [[en|censor]].^(Etymonline) It was borrowed into [[it|censire]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of holding an opinion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has ''cēnseō hercle'' “I think so, by Hercules”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero quotes the law telling the censors to register ages and property.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''censor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hold or give as one's [[m|en|opinion]]; to think, suppose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To recommend, advise, ''cēnseō'', I think so.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of a senator) To state one's opinion, vote, ''quid cēnsēs?'', what is your view?^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of the senate) To resolve, [[m|en|decree]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of the censor) To register at a [[m|en|census]], assess (property).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To reckon, count (among); to credit with.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accēnseō]]

+ * [[censiō]]

+ * [[cēnsītiō]]

+ * [[censitor]]

+ * [[cēnsor]]

+ * [[cēnsōrius]]

+ * [[censum]]

+ * [[cēnsūra]]

+ * [[cēnsus]]

+ * [[incensitus]]

+ * [[incēnsus]]

+ * [[percēnseō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|census]]

+ * [[en|censor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}